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ECZEMA
INTRODUCTION Eczema affects one in five adults in the United Kingdom
and up to one fifth of children. The term eczema is not a blanket term
that can be used for all forms of eczema as there are many types of
eczema. In a mild form the skin appears dry and itchy. In severe forms,
the skin may bleed. The cause of eczema depends on the clinical diagnosis
of the type of eczema. It is imperative that the type of eczema is diagnosed
before an effective treatment plan can be implemented. Listed below are the five main types of eczema that affect the feet and legs. This is the most common form of eczema. The skin often
appears extremely dry, red and inflamed. The patient may also complain
of severe itchiness. Scratching the skin may cause the skin to split,
leaving it susceptible to infection. If the eczema is infected, the
skin may crack and weep. Atopic eczema is linked with hereditary factors,
asthma and hay fever. Patients may also have a sensitive reaction to
certain types of allergens in the environment, which may lead to the
occurrence of atopic eczema. Treatments include different types of emollients
and steroids to reduce the inflammation. This form of eczema commonly appears in adults and can
affect the legs and the feet. Discoid eczema appears as small round
shaped lesions that can be very itchy and may weep fluid. Treatments
include different types of emollients and steroids to reduce the inflammation. This form of eczema is caused by frequent contact with everyday substances such as soaps and shower gels. A patient may experience symptoms similar to that of atopic eczema. This condition can be prevented through avoiding the irritant. This condition is very similar to irritant contact dermatitis. Red, itchy and inflamed lesions may occur due to a material such as cotton, leather or wool. Certain types of washing up powders and fabric softeners may also lead to an attack of allergic contact dermatitis. Patients who suffer from varicose veins are susceptible
to varicose eczema. This condition produces speckled, itchy and inflamed
lesions. These commonly affect the ankle region. If severe varicose
eczema occurs, it may lead to the formation of an ulcer. Treatments
include different types of emollients and steroids to reduce the inflammation. Even though we have reached the millennium, there is still no cure for eczema. However, symptoms can be controlled to minimize discomfort and pain. Many children will find that their eczema has cleared by the time they reach their mid teens. An effective skin care regime is essential in order to control all forms of eczema. The skin care regime will be catered around a specific patient’s need. The forms of treatment are: - The term emollient applies to creams, lotions, gels and soap substitutes. Emollients will enable the skin to become less dry, itchy and more comfortable. There is a wide range of emollients available on the market. Trial and error may be necessary to ascertain which emollient is best for you. Your chiropodist and your general practitioner may recommend certain types of emollients. In cases when the eczema is inflamed, steroids may be needed. Hydrocortisones are often prescribed by general practitioners, as they are effective in reducing inflammation associated with eczema. There are other steroid creams and gels that have varying strengths. However, caution must be taken as side effects can occur with frequent and long-term use of steroids. • Laser therapy can be used in severe cases. • Ensure that you have the correct blend of emollients
and topical steroids. • Recommend a cream or topical steroid that will be
suitable for your skin.
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